Doppler US in Patients with Crohn Disease: Vessel Density in the Diseased Bowel Reflects Disease Activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine if neovascularization associated with Crohn disease, as detected with Doppler ultrasonography (US), reflects clinical disease activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A devised measurement, vessel density, was estimated with color Doppler US. Patients with Crohn disease underwent clinical and laboratory assessment in which the Crohn disease activity index was measured; patients underwent abdominal US the same week. Color Doppler US was performed by using a 7.5-10.0- or 8.0-12.0-MHz transducer, the lowest possible pulse repetition frequency without aliasing, a low wall filter, and high Doppler gain settings. The length and thickness of the affected loops were measured, and the number of color Doppler signals per square centimeter in the bowel loop was counted. Pulsed Doppler US was used to confirm that the signals originated from arteries or veins and not from movement artifacts. RESULTS: Ninety-two patients (aged 7-20 years; mean, 14.85 years; 44 female, 48 male) underwent 119 examinations; 85 were performed in patients with active disease. Affected loops were thicker (10.6 vs 4. 6 mm; P: <.001) and had a higher vessel density with disease (69 of 119 examinations) than during remission (two of 34 examinations; P: <.001). CONCLUSION: Vessel density in affected bowel loops, as estimated with Doppler US, and bowel wall thickness (>5 mm) reflect disease activity in patients with Crohn disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".