The relation between menarche and the age of first symptoms in a multiple sclerosis cohort
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previously, multiple sclerosis (MS) has been thought to be associated with changes in hormone levels. This study investigates the association between the age of menarche and the age of onset of the first symptoms of MS. METHODS: A complete list of patients diagnosed with MS in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador was constructed. The age of menarche for our entire relapsing remitting female MS (RRMS) population was requested by mailout survey. Age of symptom onset was ascertained by chart review. RESULTS: A 74% rate of return on the survey results was obtained (150 RRMS patients). A linear regression model demonstrated that the age of first symptoms increased by 1.16 years as the age of menarche increased by one year (R2 = 0.69, P = 0.04). Another analysis showed that the average age of first symptoms for women with reported menarche from 10 to 12 years was 28.96 years compared with 31.83 years for a reported menarche from 13 to 15 years, a significant difference (P = 0.047, t-test). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that menarche may be related to the pathogenesis of MS.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it