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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have carried out extensive neutron-scattering studies on the pyrochlore antiferromagnet ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ in both polycrystalline and single-crystal form. This insulating material belongs to a family of rare-earth titanate pyrochlores, ${R}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7},$ whose magnetic rare-earth ions reside on a network of corner sharing tetrahedra. Such a local geometry is known to give rise to geometrical frustration in the presence of antiferromagnetic interactions. Earlier studies have shown ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ to be an Ising system with large moments constrained to point along local [1, 1, 1] directions; that is, into and out of the tetrahedra. It displays a cooperative paramagnetic or spin liquid state at low temperatures, with neither long-range N\'eel order nor spin glass ordering at temperatures as low as 0.07 K. Our elastic neutron-scattering measurements show that very short-range correlations develop below \ensuremath{\sim}100 K. At 4 K a checkerboard pattern of diffuse magnetic scattering within the [h,h,l] plane in reciprocal space is observed, consistent with spin correlations over near neighbors only. Inelastic scattering measurements on both powder and single-crystal samples show three bands of magnetic excitations. At temperatures above \ensuremath{\sim}20 K, these bands are dispersionless, but at low temperature an appreciable softening in the lowest band of excitations occurs at those wave vectors which characterize the development of the very short-range magnetic order, qualitatively consistent with theoretical expectations derived from the single-mode approximation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.010 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.980 | 0.011 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it