High Temperature Piezoelectric Ceramics Based on xPbTiO<sub>3</sub>–(1-x)Bi(Sc<sub>1/2</sub>Me<sub>1/4</sub>Ti<sub>1/4</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>(Me = Zn, Mg) Ternary Perovskites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polycrystalline x PbTiO 3 –(1- x )Bi(Sc 1/2 Me 1/4 Ti 1/4 )O 3 (PT–BS–BMeT) ceramics, where Me = Mg (M) or Zn (Z), were studied for development of high temperature piezoelectrics. Ceramics were processed using standard mixed oxide procedure at various temperatures. X-ray diffraction at room temperature revealed that the tetragonality of PT–BS–BZT decreased as PbTiO 3 content decreased from x = 0.90 to 0.60 and tetragonality of PT–BS–BMT decreased as PbTiO 3 content decreased from x = 0.60 to 0.40. A transition was observed in PT–BS–BMT within compositions x = 0.42–0.50. Dielectric properties revealed permittivites up to ε r ≈20000 and transition temperatures up to 540 °C. Hysteresis measurements showed full saturation below 50 mol % PbTiO 3 content with remanent polarization of P r = 32.8 µC/cm 2 and coercive field of 23.0 kV/cm. Converse piezoelectric coefficients ( d 33 * ) calculated from unipolar strain measurements revealed values between 240 and 313 pm/V. Depolarization temperatures were measured between 320 and 390 °C.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".