Compact CMOS VCO using a transistor for frequency control
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A compact CMOS voltage-controlled relaxation oscillator circuit is presented in this paper. The frequency control is fulfilled by using a single MOSFET to control the charging and discharging currents of a timing capacitor. This paper investigates and demonstrates the proposed control mechanism. The proposed VCO was fabricated using 0.18 μm CMOS technology and the fabricated VCO has a compact core size of only 80μm × 200μm, or 0.016mm2. A linear tuning range from 650 MHz to 840 MHz, or a 28% range was achieved by the single MOSFET's control from a 1.8V DC supply voltage. The output power was −14.5 dBm with only ±1 dB variation in this tuning range. The corresponding power consumption was measured to be 5.4mW. Moreover, the VCO free-running frequency can be increased beyond 1.1 GHz by using higher DC supply.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".