African Islam: Marriage, Mobility and Education of Women in Dan Fodio's nineteenth Century Reforms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In 1804 ce , Dan Fodio toppled the chiefs of northern Nigeria for their ‘un‐Islamic’ behaviors, and established an Islamic state on the Hausa/Fulani land. This phase in the history of Islam in Africa has been widely described and accepted as ‘militant’ and the scholars involved ‘intolerant’. Dan Fodio's own reputation as a ‘militant’ scholar has been popularly suggested, and his conservative stance on many issues was well‐documented. It is therefore intriguing that Dan Fodio had some social temperaments that challenged this conservative outlook. Specifically, this study is a sociological analysis of Dan Fodio's opinions on marriage, movement or mobility of women, and their education. This study is significant for analyzing these social issues and their implications, as well as suggesting that, in addition to the highly acclaimed militant stance, Dan Fodio was also a pragmatic and realistic scholar who was ready to make religious concessions in favor of some social imperatives.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".