BLOOMS OF THE DIATOM GENUS <i>PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA</i> H. PERAGALLO IN BIZERTE LAGOON (TUNISIA, SW MEDITERRANEAN)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The phytoplankton composition, including the potentially toxic diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia, and related physico-chemical water properties were determined at four stations in Bizerte Lagoon (SW Mediterranean Sea) monthly, from March 2004 to March 2005. Total phytoplankton abundance was generally low (1.50–7.12 × 105 cells L−1), but peaked in April 2004 (19.4 ± 2.9 × 105 cells L−1), July 2004 (19.9 ± 11.1 × 105 cells L−1) and March 2005 (12.2 ± 4.8 × 105 cells L−1), and was dominated by Plagioselmis spp., Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Thalassiosira spp., respectively. The contribution of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. to the total algal community was generally moderate (0.6–8.9%, when detected). The genus Pseudo-nitzschia was detected in 70% of the samples and thus appeared as a regular component of the phytoplankton that develops in the surface waters of Bizerte Lagoon. Distribution patterns of Pseudo-nitzschia species in the “delicatissima” group (< 3 μm in width) showed a strong seasonality and were correlated with summer conditions (when temperature, salinity and silicate concentration increased), although they were present during at least seven months of the year, at all stations. Pseudo-nitzschia species in the “seriata” group (> 3 μm in width), conversely, revealed a narrower spatio-temporal distribution and appeared uncorrelated with the environmental factors measured. The causative species of the July peak was identified by scanning electron microscopy as Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha. Two out of four isolates of P. calliantha from Bizerte Lagoon produced the neurotoxin domoic acid (causative agent of Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning) in batch culture. Our findings suggest the possibility of domoic acid contamination of bivalve molluscs in Bizert Lagoon, one of the main shellfish aquaculture areas in Tunisia, and therefore the need for continued vigilance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".