Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Structure of Single Crystalline Tungsten Oxide Nanowires: Construction, Phase Transition, and Voltammetric Behavior
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Three-dimensionally (3D) aligned, high-density, hierarchically structured single crystalline W 18 O 49 nanowires have been built on carbon microfibers of commercially available carbon paper via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique without the use of a catalyst or vacuum system. The resultant W 18 O 49 nanowires radially cover carbon microfibers with controlled length and density. After a carefully controlled annealing treatment, stoichiometric WO 3 nanowires have also been achieved without losing their 3D hierarchical structure. Morphology, phase structure, and crystallinity of the nanowires have been characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The growth mechanism of the nanowires has been discussed. Electrochemical and corrosion behavior of the W 18 O 49 and WO 3 nanowires has been evaluated by cyclic voltammograms and an acid immersion method, respectively. These 3D hierarchical composite structures consisting of tungsten oxide nanowires grown directly on carbon microfibers may have great potential applications in fuel cells, chromogenic sensors, and other chemical nanodevices.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".