Oxygen diffusion and consumption in low-sulphide tailings covers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acid-generating tailings can be reclaimed using oxygen barrier covers in humid climates, such as in Quebec. A single-layer low-sulphide tailings cover is an attractive alternative to traditional water covers to maximize the impoundment’s storage capacity. Low-sulphide tailings can serve as a moisture-retaining material to limit oxygen diffusion, and their residual sulphides can consume the diffusive oxygen that still gets through the cover. A laboratory experiment using instrumented columns was initiated to confirm the efficiency of a low-sulphide tailings monolayer cover placed over acid-generating tailings to reduce the oxygen flux reaching the reactive tailings. Oxygen concentration profiles were measured over the thickness of the cover and oxygen fluxes were calculated to evaluate the effect of three parameters on these fluxes: water table level, cover sulphide content, and cover thickness. Oxygen fluxes at the bottom of the low-sulphide tailings cover layer, calculated using oxygen gradient and estimated effective diffusion coefficient and predicted using Vadose/W, were lower than 1.5 mol·m −2 ·year −1 . These results suggest that a low-sulphide tailings cover with an elevated water table can reduce oxygen migration and potentially limit acid mine drainage generation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".