Solid‐food Introduction in Infants Diagnosed As Having a Cow's‐milk Protein–induced Enterocolitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: In a prior retrospective analysis of 32 infants diagnosed with cow's-milk protein-induced enterocolitis (CMPIE), gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were observed with the introduction of milk-free infant cereal. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the incidence of new GI symptoms with the introduction of either milk-free infant rice cereal or carrots as the first complementary food at 6 months of age in infants previously diagnosed as having CMPIE. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine infants were enrolled in the study. Twenty were randomized to start with pureed carrots and 19 were randomized to start with milk-free infant rice cereal. GI signs and symptoms developing within 2 weeks were recorded. RESULTS: No significant differences were noticed in the incidence of new GI symptoms and the change in the frequency of GI symptoms upon solid-food introduction, whether it was carrots or milk-free infant rice cereal. A high overall incidence rate (47%) of new GI symptoms was observed in the whole cohort. The mean number of days for onset of new symptoms was 6. The most common GI signs and symptoms observed were related to alteration of stool characteristics. Breast-feeding was not shown to have a protective effect on the development of new GI symptoms during solid-food introduction. CONCLUSIONS: Many infants with CMPIE will develop GI signs and symptoms following the introduction of solid food, whether milk-free infant rice cereal or carrots are introduced, and their onset may be delayed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".