Block Length Dependence of Morphological Phase Diagrams of the Ternary System of PS-<i>b</i>-PAA/Dioxane/H<sub>2</sub>O
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The block length dependence of the morphological phase diagram was investigated for PS- b -PAA copolymers in dioxane/water using transmission electron microscopy and light scattering techniques. The study was performed on copolymers with PS block lengths ranging from 49 to 310 repeat units and PAA block lengths from 7.2 to 26 repeat units. The water content ranged from 0 to 50 wt % and the copolymer concentration from 0 to 10 wt %. For all the copolymers with increasing water content, the sequence of morphologies, in general, follows the order of single chains, spheres, sphere and rod mixtures, rods, rod and bilayer mixtures, pure bilayers, and finally mixtures of bilayers and inverted structures. The bilayers here include vesicles, lamellae, and more complicated structures. It was found that the boundaries of various morphological transitions generally shift to lower water contents with increasing total block length and with decreasing PAA block length. Most importantly, it was found that long core-forming blocks and high water contents favor the formation of vesicles and that short core-forming blocks and low water contents favor open bilayers (e.g., lamellae). This finding suggests that in block copolymer systems the increase of bending modulus favors vesicle formation, which reinforces the conclusion of a theoretical study for mixed small molecule surfactant systems. The Gibbs free energies for the single chain to sphere transition were also estimated from the morphological phase diagram. It was found that at the same water content the free energy becomes less negative both with decreasing total block length and with increasing PAA block length.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".