DETECTION OF INFALLING HYDROGEN IN TRANSFER BETWEEN THE INTERACTING GALAXIES NGC 5426 AND NGC 5427
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using velocity tagging we have detected hydrogen from NGC 5426 falling onto its interacting partner NGC 5427. Our observations, with the GHaFaS Fabry–Perot spectrometer, produced maps of the two galaxies in Hα surface brightness and radial velocity. We found emission with the range of velocities associated with NGC 5426 along lines of sight apparently emanating from NGC 5427, superposed on the velocity map of the latter. After excluding instrumental effects we assign the anomalous emission to gas pulled from NGC 5426 during its passage close to NGC 5427. Its distribution, more intense between the arms and just outside the disk of NGC 5427, and weak, or absent, in the arms, suggests that the infalling gas is behind the disk, ionized by Lyman continuum photons escaping from NGC 5427. Modeling this, we estimate the distances of these gas clouds behind the plane: a few hundred parsecs to a few kiloparsecs. We also estimate the mass of the infalling (ionized plus neutral) gas, finding an infall rate of 10 M ☉ per year, consistent with the high measured star formation rate across the disk of NGC 5427 and with the detected circumnuclear galactic wind.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".