Development and Use of a Through-Tubing Aluminum Cement Basket
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract An ingenious and inexpensive removable through-tubing cement basket has been constructed for use in open or cased hole and highly corrosive environments. While the basket was designed specifically for use in deep sour gas wells with sulphur deposition problems, it can be used in any zonal isolation application. A conventional inflatable through-tubing bridge plug can be used in sour service, but its elastomeric components make the plug vulnerable in the presence of sulphur solvents and amine based corrosion inhibitors. The cement basket is constructed from 100% aluminum, which eliminates the problems associated with the elastomeric materials and assures complete removal with acid, thus leaving no debris in the well. In June 2000, the cement basket was successfully deployed in a deep, sour, horizontal gas well. The 54mm OD basket was run through the tapered 89/73mm OD tubing string before being expanded in the 127mm OD production liner and capped with 4 metres of calcium carbonate chips and 10 metres of cement to provide the pressure integrity. Once cemented, the basket became a plug providing well control for workover operations and a barrier preventing fluid and debris loss to the formation. Subsequently, the permanent packer was milled and retrieved, enabling a new packer and larger tubing to be installed. The aluminum basket with the carbonate and cement cap was successfully milled out using coiled tubing in less than three hours. A small quantity of acid was used to remove any debris from the cement basket and cement sheath from the liner wall. While the cement basket is a new development, it is deployed using conventional, field proven equipment. It is also simpler and offers the potential for cheaper solutions than a conventional expandable bridge plug. With the experience gained, the next challenge is to build a 42 mm O.D. plug to be set inside 178mm OD casing, which will be more universally applicable for wells in Western Canada and around the World.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".