Mechanical and Architectural Bone Adaptation in Early Stage Experimental Osteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantify mechanical and architectural changes to knee joint periarticular subchondral cancellous bone in early stage experimental osteoarthritis (OA). Unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLX) was performed on 10 dogs that were assigned randomly to two groups: 3 weeks or 12 weeks post-ACLX. Cylindrical bone cores excised from the medial condyle of the distal femur after death were scanned using high-resolution microcomputed tomography (muCT) and subsequently failed under unconstrained uniaxial compression. The apparent-level elastic modulus was less in the ACLX femur compared with the contralateral control, and the decrease was significant (-45%; p < 0.05) by 12-weeks post-ACLX. A finite element (FE) analysis based on muCT data simulated the uniaxial compression tests on a specimen-by-specimen basis to determine tissue modulus. No change in tissue modulus was detected, and a single tissue modulus of 5100 MPa (95% CI, +/- 600 MPa) explained the apparent-level modulus changes observed in the disease-related bone adaptation. The three-dimensional (3D) connectivity was evaluated from the original muCT data to quantify architectural alterations in contrast to tissue alterations. Significantly increased connectivity (through plate perforations) occurred as early as 3 weeks post-ACLX and was as high as 127% by 12 weeks post-ACLX in the distal femur. These measured changes indicated that architectural adaptation predominated over tissue modulus changes affecting apparent-level elastic modulus in the early stage of experimental OA and suggests that to maintain normal cancellous bone after a traumatic injury, early intervention should focus on preventing the substantial architectural alterations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".