Alkali Element Uptake in Otoliths: A Link Between the Environment and Otolith Microchemistry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Otoliths taken from fish in the vicinity of rare element pegmatites in eastern Manitoba, Canada, were analyzed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and found to contain lithium, sodium, rubidium, cesium, and strontium at levels ranging from a few ppm to a few 10s of ppm. In some otoliths, the concentrations varied in correspondence to the annular structure of the otoliths, suggesting a periodicity to their incorporation. This is the first reported detection and resolution of periodic signals of Rb and Cs in otoliths. The correspondence between the elements in the otoliths and surrounding rocks suggests there can be a strong link between the microchemistry of a fish's otoliths and its environment particularly where there are distinctive rock types. These elements may serve as natural markers in certain environments and may be used to characterize and monitor lacustrine environments over a period of time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".