Improvement of dimensional stability of wood via combination treatment: swelling with maleic anhydride and grafting with glycidyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A novel two-step combined treatment of poplar wood was developed to improve its dimensional stability. Maleic anhydride (MAN) was first employed to swell and bond to the wood cell wall, and then mixed monomers of glycidyl methacrylate/methyl methacrylate (GMA/MMA) were grafted to the cell wall through the chemical reaction with MAN within the wood cell lumen. The results of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray apparatus (SEM-EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses indicate that MAN penetrated and chemically bonded to the cell wall causing 9% volume swelling, and the copolymer from GMA/MMA monomers was grafted onto the wood cell wall, resulting in the improved interfacial compatibility between the polymer and wood matrix. The dimensional stability of poplar wood modified by the combined two-step treatment was remarkably improved compared with that of untreated poplar wood. The combination treatment of wood employed in this study proved to be more effective for improving the dimensional stability than treatment with PEG-1000 aqueous solution with 30% concentration.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it