Altered Erythrocyte Sodium Efflux following Renal Transplantation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abnormalities of membrane sodium transport are one of the manifestations of chronic renal failure. Following correction of the renal failure by renal transplantation erythrocyte membrane NaK ATPase activity increases to supranormal values. In the present study, direct measurements of erythrocyte sodium efflux were performed in 21 renal transplant patients. The mean rate constant for total sodium efflux was increased from 0.40 ± 0.01 in a group of control subjects to 0.45 ± 0.02 in the transplant patients (p < 0.02). This increase in the total sodium efflux rate constant was attributable to an increase in the glycoside sensitive component of sodium efflux which averaged 0.26 ± 0.01 in the control subjects, compared to 0.32 ± 0.02 in the transplant patients (p < 0.01). Intracellular sodium was significantly lower in the patients (5.8 ± 0.3 mmol/l of erythrocytes) than it was in the controls (7.5 ± 0.2 mmol/l of erythrocytes). Overall pump flux was not increased in the renal transplant patients, suggesting that a new steady state had been established in their erythrocytes, with the red cell sodium set at a new level. When normal erythrocytes were preincubated with the plasma of renal transplant patients, all components of sodium efflux remained normal. The plasma of renal transplant patients also was ineffective in inducing a change in cell membrane NaK ATPase activity in vitro. It is concluded that following renal transplantation there are changes in erythrocyte sodium transport, which are the obverse of those seen in uremia. Although further studies will be necessary before a pharmacologic explanation for these changes can be ruled out, it is possible that they represent overcompensation in a transport system previously exposed to prolonged uremic suppression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".