Influence of the Number of Cortices on the Stiffness of Plate Fixation of Diaphyseal Fractures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of the number of cortices of fixation on the stiffness of plate fixation of diaphyseal fractures. DESIGN: Canine experimental study. SETTING: Tertiary referral and teaching hospital in Toronto, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: Paired radii from fourteen skeletally mature, cross-bred dogs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: One member of each pair of radii was tested intact as a control, and the other had a transverse osteotomy plated sequentially with five to ten cortices of fixation on either side of the simulated fracture. Dynamic compression plates and limited contact dynamic compression plates were used in two groups with seven paired radii each. Normalized torsional stiffness and four-point bending stiffness were determined in the elastic range for the control and each of the plated constructs in both groups, using a materials testing machine. RESULTS: The authors found no significant difference between the stiffness of the dynamic compression plates and limited contact dynamic compression plates. With either plate of a given length, significantly increased torsional stiffness is achieved with end bicortical screws. For bending stability with the plate at right angles to the bending plane, even short plated constructs have a stiffness exceeding that of intact bone. CONCLUSIONS: For a transverse osteotomy with no fracture interdigitation, the bending rigidity with the plate at right angles to the bending plane is greater than the original stiffness of the bone for all constructs tested, with the exception of the limited contact dynamic compression plate with five cortices of fixation. The torsional rigidity of fixation only approaches the original rigidity of the bone for ten cortices of fixation with the dynamic compression plate and the limited contact dynamic compression plate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".