Soft X-ray and Low Energy Electron-Induced Damage to DNA under N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> Atmospheres
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
DNA damage induced by low energy electrons (LEEs) and soft X-rays is measured under dry nitrogen and oxygen at atmospheric pressure and temperature. Five-monolayer plasmid DNA films deposited on tantalum and glass substrates are exposed to Al K(α) X-rays of 1.5 keV in the two different environments. From the damage yields for DNA, G values are extracted for X-rays and LEEs. The G values for LEEs are 3.5 and 3.4 higher than those for X-ray photons under N(2) and O(2) atmospheres, respectively. Because most of the measured damage is in the form of single strand breaks (SSB), this result indicates a much higher effectiveness for LEEs relative to X-rays in causing SSB in both environments. The results indicate that the oxygen fixation mechanism, which is highly effective in increasing radiobiological effectiveness, under aerobic conditions, is operative on the type of damage created at the early stage of DNA radiolysis by LEEs.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it