Removal of Residual Metal Catalysts with Iron/Iron Oxide Nanoparticles from Coordinating Environments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The application of Fe@FexOy nanoparticles was examined for the sequestration of catalytic metal impurities from organic reaction products. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study of the recovered particles confirmed Fe@FexOy sequestered Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, RhX+, Pd2+, Ag+, and Pt4+ by coordination of the metal ion to the iron oxide surfaces and followed by subsequent reduction of the surface-bonded ions to their metallic state. Fe@FexOy metal sequestration was found to be effective for catalyst impurities in the absence of strongly coordinating environments but was inhibited by the presence of phosphines. Sequestration of phosphine-coordinated metal impurities was achieved through the addition of either cysteamine or 3-mercaptopropionic acid to the Fe@FexOy during sequestration. This approach was applied to model syntheses using Grubbs' Catalyst (first generation), Pd(PPh3)4, Pd2(dba)3, and Wilkinson's Catalyst (RhCl(PPh3)3).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".