Century-long effects of forest harvest on the physical structure and autotrophic community of a small temperate lake
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of forest clearcut and regrowth on a small (8.1 ha) stained lake were studied using a 200-year record of fossil carotenoids and chlorophylls. Comparison of high-resolution cores recovered from exposed, sheltered, and reference lake basins showed that annual laminations of sediments ceased concomitant with logging (ca. 1870-1890), indicating a fundamental change in the lake mixing regime. Biological responses to forest harvest included elimination of deepwater populations of anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria and reduced abundance of metalimnetic chrysophytes. Photosynthetic bacteria remained absent for over 100 years, while sediment laminae and chrysophytes have only returned since around 1970. In contrast, populations of epilimnetic phytoplankton (cyanobacteria, chlorophytes, cryptophytes) were unaffected by the clearcut. Analysis of sediment profiles did not reveal evidence of eutrophication or of increased flux of organic matter following watershed disturbance. Instead, fossil records were m...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".