Possible connection of polar cap flows to pre- and post-substorm onset PBIs and streamers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
[1] Recent analysis of a short period of observations has led to the hypothesis that enhanced meso-scale flows from well within the region of open polar cap field lines may cross the nightside polar cap boundary into the closed field line region and contribute to the triggering of equatorward (earthward) meso-scale flows across the ionospheric (equatorial) portion of plasma sheet fields lines and lead to PBIs and streamers. This includes the streamers that have been postulated to bring new plasma equatorward (earthward) and lead to substorm onset. Meso-scale structure of flow within the polar cap, often studied near the dayside polar cap boundary, has not previously been generally recognized as significant within the nightside polar cap. Here we have taken advantage of new capabilities to measure polar cap convection by the Resolute Bay incoherent scatter radar and the Rankin Inlet PolarDARN radar, coordinated with THEMIS all-sky imager observations, to study flow measurements from well within the polar cap to near the polar cap boundary. We present evidence that flow structures moving from the polar cap toward the nightside polar cap boundary may be important for triggering the flows that lead to substorm onset streamers. The new observations also have given evidence that the flow structures come from deep within the polar cap, and have given unexpected evidence that a continuation of flow structures moving from the polar cap toward the nightside polar cap boundary after substorm onset may be important in controlling the poleward expansion and duration of post-onset auroral activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".