Ultrasensitive on-column laser-induced fluorescence in capillary electrophoresis using multiparameter confocal detection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report a simple method to efficiently couple on-column, standard Capillary Electrophoresis with Confocal MultiParameter Fluorescence detection (CE-CMPF) using only commercially available components. A molecular collection of 13% and a concentration limit of detection of 1.5 pM fluorescein are achieved in our instrument by gating the arrival time of individual photons in order to reduce the scattering contribution. The proposed scheme allows for amplification-free detection and separation of three different microRNAs from the MCF-7 cell lysate. The limit of detection is approximately 500 times smaller and the separation time is 3 times shorter compared to protocols based on commercial CE instrumentation. Although the optical design can be further improved, it is shown that the current CE-CMPF prototype is already capable of analyzing the microRNA content of single cells. In addition, all CE protocols previously developed for commercial instruments can be performed with our CE-CMPF without modification but with nearly 3 orders of magnitude better limit of detection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".