Gas Hydrate Growth Model in a Semibatch Stirred Tank Reactor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The gas hydrate growth model of Englezos et al. ( Chem. Eng. Sci. 1987, 42, 2647) was modified based on a concentration driving force where the equilibrium concentration at the hydrate surface is determined at the surface pressure and temperature, with the latter varying between the bulk and three-phase equilibrium temperature depending on the rate of heat removal. In order to study hydrate growth kinetics, literature mole consumption rates and hydrate surface area obtained in a semibatch stirred tank reactor were used. The extraction of the intrinsic kinetic rate constant is intimately linked to the estimated hydrate surface area, which is difficult to accurately measure. Theoretical estimation of the surface area using a population balance is also problematic since it does not account for the inherent presence of foreign particles, of unknown quantity and size distribution, serving as nucleation sites. Finally, mole consumption rates in such experimental systems may be controlled by gas−liquid interphase mass transfer, suggesting that accurate interphase mass transfer coefficients are required for proper estimation of the intrinsic kinetic rate constant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".