Bibliographic record
Abstract
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has been celebrated as a success for dramatically expanding trade between Canada, the United States, and Mexico. But the very success of NAFTA has illuminated weaknesses in the continental transportation system. Massive delays and congestion have now become the norm, especially in border regions. If the full economic benefits of NAFTA are to be realized, an integrated North American transportation system must be created. This article examines the challenges associated with planning and implementing such a system. Conventional transportation planning in North American borderlands has been reactive, demand-oriented, piecemeal, and, not surprisingly, largely ineffective. New efforts are now underway which are more locally based, involving multinational approaches in project conceptualization, evaluation, scheduling, and financial coordination. Bradbury is an associate professor in the Department of Community and Regional Planning at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa. Her research interests include the impact of NAFTA on border communities, telecommunications planning, and economic
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".