Cross-Linkable Zwitterionic Polyimides with High Electrooptic Coefficients at Telecommunication Wavelengths
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of nonlinear optical (NLO) polyimides were prepared by grafting 4−16 wt % zwitterionic pyridinium tricyanoquinonedimethane chromophore with a large negative hyperpolarizability (β 0 = −590 × 10 - 30 esu) onto the host polyimides through an ester bond formation. To enhance the temporal stability of the poled NLO polymers, a new thermally reactive group, i.e., 5-aminobenzocylcobutenone, was introduced into the NLO polymer systems to effect the cross-linking during the thermal poling process. The resulting NLO polyimides showed good solubility in polar aprotic solvents such as N, N -dimethylformamide and could form uniform films by casting or spin coating without any noticeable chromophore aggregation or phase separation as examined under an optical microscope. These NLO polyimides had glass transition temperatures in the range of 170−213 °C and were thermally stable up to 270 °C. The electrical resistivity of NLO polyimides was found to be on the order of 10 15 Ω·cm at 80 °C and dependent on the applied voltages. As the temperature increased, the resistivity dropped monotonically to 2.4 × 10 11 Ω·cm at 200 °C. With a 10 wt % chromophore loading (or a number density of 15 × 10 19 cm - 3 ) in the polymer, the electrooptic (EO) coefficient ( r 33 at 1550 nm) reached 45 pm/V. No substantial decrease in EO coefficients was observed after the test cell was kept in the dark at 85 °C under nitrogen after 1200 h nor when the test cell was irradiated with 1550 nm light (50 μW/∼4 mm 2 ) for 10 h at ambient temperature in air.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it