Experimental temperature measurements by echo-contrast agents
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article considers results of experimental studies of the spectra of ultrasound echo-signals scattered by echo-contrast agents (ECA) at changing temperature. Two types of ECA have been used: Levovist being the suspension of free air bubbles and Definity whose gas bubbles are in an albumin shell. As the temperature increases the maxima of the frequency spectra of backscattering signals shift to low frequencies and the value of this shift serves to determine the true temperature. Experimental data on Levovist are well accorded with the calculations for the temperature range from 34 to 44°C and the frequency shifts were about 17 kHz/°C in the range of frequencies of 3.5—5 MHz. The Definity measured frequency shift versus temperature was 5 kHz/°C. The measured values of frequency shifts serve to the realization of the accuracy of temperature measurements of (0.1–0.2)°C. The obtained results prove the prospectiveness of special temperature ECA in the shells for the temperature mapping of internal organs by means of standard platforms of ultrasound diagnostics.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it