Mixed cationic/anionic surfactants for semipermanent wall coatings in capillary electrophoresis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mixtures of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) form more stable coatings in fused-silica capillaries than CTAB alone. The reversed electroosmotic flow (EOF) generated by CTAB/SDS mixtures remains stable for over 80 min after removal of the surfactants from the buffer. Enhanced stability (relative to CTAB alone) was found even when the ratio of SDS to CTAB was as low as 1%. This greater coating stability is attributed to the structural transition from adsorbed micelle to bilayer, which is induced by addition of SDS. Separation of a mixture of basic proteins yielded efficiencies of 364 000-562 000 plates/m and recoveries ranging from 85% to 98%. Migration time reproducibility was less than 0.9% relative standard deviation (RSD) from run to run and less than 2.6% RSD from day to day.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".