Retinal Ganglion Cell Death Postponed: Giving Apoptosis a Break?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glaucoma is characterised by the preferential death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). However, mammalian models indicate that neurons pass through a period in which they manifest signs of neuronal damage, but have yet to fully commit to death. Mounting evidence suggests that one of the clearest indications of this process is the reduction in RGC dendritic arborisation, resulting in functional compromise. The extent to which this may be reversible is unclear, since the molecular events that precede changes in dendritic structure have received little attention. Furthermore, there are likely to be many factors involved in this process potentially acting in different individual cells at different times. Recent work in Drosophila shows that dendritic reorganisation/remodelling involves local activation and tight regulation of caspase activity. Here, we propose a model in which the balance between caspases and inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) contributes towards the regulation of dendritic remodelling. Thus, RGC dendrite reorganisation and cell death represent opposite ends of a spectrum of events regulated by apoptosis signalling pathways. We summarise relevant events in apoptosis, focusing on caspases and IAPs. We also discuss mechanisms of dendrite development, structure and reorganisation and the implications for early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma and neurodegenerative disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".