Absolute generalized-oscillator-strength measurement of preionization-edge electronic excitations in the valence and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>shells of argon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Absolute generalized oscillator strengths (GOS's) of the ${3p}^{6}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{3p}^{5}{(4s,4s}^{\ensuremath{'}}),$ ${3p}^{6}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{3p}^{5}{(4p,4p}^{\ensuremath{'}}),$ and ${3p}^{6}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{3p}^{5}{(5s,5s}^{\ensuremath{'}}{,3d,3d}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ valence-shell electronic transitions as well as the ${2p}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4s$ inner-shell transition in Ar have been determined as functions of energy loss and momentum transfer (K) at an impact energy of 2.5 keV. Generally good agreement can be found between the present GOS measurement for the ${3p}^{6}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{3p}^{5}{(4s,4s}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ transitions (at 11.8 eV) and the previous experimental profiles for $K<1\mathrm{a}.\mathrm{u}.$ Calculations based on the first Born approximation appear to be in reasonable agreement with the GOS data only in shape and also for $K<1\mathrm{a}.\mathrm{u}.,$ while the Yukawa frozen-core calculations based on the Glauber approximation appear to converge to the present data even for $K>1\mathrm{a}.\mathrm{u}.$ The experimental and theoretical results all give consistent values for the K positions of the observed minimum and maximum in the GOS profile of the ${3p}^{6}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{3p}^{5}{(4s,4s}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ transitions. The GOS profile for the ${3p}^{6}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{3p}^{5}{(4p,4p}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ transitions (at 13.4 eV) in Ar has been determined and found to have a shape characteristic of nondipole excitation with a maximum at ${K}^{2}\ensuremath{\sim}0.7\mathrm{a}.\mathrm{u}.$ Like the ${3p}^{6}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{3p}^{5}{(4s,4s}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ transitions, the GOS profile for the ${3p}^{6}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{3p}^{5}{(5s,5s}^{\ensuremath{'}}{,3d,3d}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ transitions (at 14.2 eV) has the characteristic dipole-dominated shape with a strong maximum at $K=0$ but a notably larger width and without any discernible extrema. Finally, the GOS profile for the ${2p}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4s$ inner-shell transition (at 244.4 eV) is dominated by a strong maximum at $K=0,$ characteristic of generally dipole-allowed excitations, but with a broad and rather complex shape. The present work illustrates the analytical value of GOS profiles for probing the intricate nature of the valence- and inner-shell electronic excitations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".