Transient-imposed limitations of negative group delay circuits
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper the transients in gain compensated negative group delay (NGD) circuits are investigated. The study is conducted on an active unity gain NGD circuit with an RLC resonator integrated in the feedback loop of an operational amplifier. The circuit operates at a center frequency of 454MHz, and it is cascadable. The single stage circuit exhibits a NGD of 1.52ns and a gain of 0.69dB, with a fractional bandwidth of 23%. The circuit transient response to a step-modulated sinusoidal input is measured for a single-stage and two-stage circuits, showing a good agreement with analytical results. The analytical study is extended to general NGD multi-stage circuits based on RLC resonators and shows an exponential relationship between the transient level and the square of achieved NGD. We show that when considering information transfer applications, there is a limit on achievable NGD.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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