Monte Carlo simulations of the growth and decay of quasi-ballistic photon fractions with depth in an isotropic scattering medium
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Quasi-ballistic or "snake" photons carry useable information on the internal structure of scattering mediums such as tissues. By defining quasi-ballistic photons to be those photons that have been scattered but have not exceeded a specified radial distance threshold from their initial trajectory (equivalent to the resolving limit of the quasi-ballistic photons) and by using the Henyey-Greenstein phase function, Monte Carlo modeling has shown that the number of quasi-ballistic photons increases with depth in an isotropic scattering medium until a maximum is reached and then the quantity decreases. The quantity of quasi-ballistic photons at a specified depth can be shown to be governed by two competing processes: the decay of ballistic photons into quasi-ballistic photons and the decay of quasi-ballistic photons into scattered photons. These well-defined behaviors allow one to write a rate equation governing the growth and decay in the quantity of quasi-ballistic photons with depth. It is found that as the anisotropy factor increases with forward scattering and as the resolution limit is widened, the quantity of quasi-ballistic photons begins to exceed the quantity of ballistic photons at a specified depth and the rate of decay of quasi-ballistic photon quantity decreases. The development of a rate equation for the formation of quasi-ballistic photons allows one to analyze how efficient various detection methods are in extracting these quasi-ballistic photons, and it can be seen that there is a compromise between desired resolution and the effective scattering ratio at a detector.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".