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Record W1995523636 · doi:10.1190/1.1487084

A comparison of data from airborne, semi-airborne, and ground electromagnetic systems

2001· article· en· W1995523636 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueGeophysics · 2001
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEarth and Planetary Sciences
TopicGeophysical and Geoelectrical Methods
Canadian institutions3v Geomatics (Canada)
Fundersnot available
KeywordsTransmitterRemote sensingSIGNAL (programming language)Noise (video)Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)Ground truthAcousticsEnvironmental scienceGeologyComputer scienceTelecommunicationsPhysicsChannel (broadcasting)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract The region around a small conductive massive sulfide body near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, was used as a test site to compare airborne and ground electromagnetic (EM) systems with a new experimental EM system that uses a ground-based transmitter and an airborne receiver. In this test survey, the semi-airborne data were acquired with the transmitter loop used for the ground survey and the receiver normally used for the airborne system. At the time the data were acquired, there was no synchronization between the semi-airborne receiver and the ground transmitter. However, subsequent digital processing of the full waveform data allowed the zero-time position to be defined. The data could then be stacked and windowed. The ratio of the peak signal to the late-time noise level for the airborne data is about 25:1, the semi-airborne data shows signal-to-noise ratios of 500:1, while the signal-to-noise ratio for the ground data has a ratio of 50 000:1. This particular conductor is very close to the ground transmitter and receiver, so the signal-to-noise ratio for the ground system is very high. Numerical modeling shows that the marked advantage of the ground system is reduced when the conductor is deeper. However, the semi-airborne system will generally show signal-to-noise intermediate between the airborne and ground systems. From an operational perspective, the semi-airborne system has features of both the ground and airborne systems. Like the ground system, it is necessary to lay a transmitter loop on the ground; but because an aircraft is used, the semi-airborne receiver can cover the survey area much more quickly.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.915
Threshold uncertainty score0.993

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.049
GPT teacher head0.290
Teacher spread0.241 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it