The Renner-Teller effect and Sears resonances in the ground state of the GeCH and GeCD free radicals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The vibrational energy levels of the jet-cooled GeCH and GeCD radicals have been studied by a combination of laser-induced fluorescence and wavelength-resolved emission techniques. The radicals were produced in a pulsed electric discharge free jet expansion using methyltrichlorogermane and tetramethylgermane-d12 precursors. A re-examination of the weaker hot bands in the LIF spectrum has provided a more complete vibrational analysis of the upper state energy levels. The single vibronic level emission spectra obtained by pumping several bands of each isotopomer were analyzed to provide information on the low-lying ground state vibronic energy levels up to 3000 cm−1 above the zero-point level. Strong interactions occur in these molecules between vibronic levels with the same value of P, but differing by one unit of v2; such interactions were first described for NCS by Northrup and Sears [Mol. Phys. 71, 45 (1990)] and are conveniently called “Sears resonances.” The spectra of GeCH were further complicated by Fermi resonances between the bending and Ge–C stretching levels. Despite these difficulties, it proved possible to analyze the data using a standard Renner-Teller model with the addition of Sears resonance coupling terms. The validity of the fitted parameters was tested using the isotope relations. The Sears resonance parameters for GeCH are much larger than those of NCS, a result of the much stronger vibronic coupling in the germanium methylidynes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".