Spectral responsivity of various types of silicon photodiode at oblique incidence: comparison of measured and calculated values
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The spectral responsivity of several types of silicon photodiode at oblique incidence (approximately 45 degrees) is investigated. Both windowless diodes and diodes that incorporate quartz windows are considered. The spectral responsivities are measured directly for both parallel and perpendicular polarized radiation. For comparison, the responsivity at oblique incidence is also calculated from the normal-incidence measured responsivity in conjunction with the reflectance values at normal and oblique incidence calculated from thin-film theory by use of the measured oxide thicknesses of the diodes and published data on the refractive indices of silicon and fused silica. A technique, believed to be novel, is described for accurately measuring the oxide thicknesses of the diodes. A comparison of calculated and measured responsivity values shows that, when imperfect polarizers are used, it may be more accurate over a certain spectral range to calculate the responsivities at oblique incidence rather than to measure them directly. The additional uncertainty associated with the calculated responsivity values at oblique incidence, with respect to the original source data for normal incidence, is +/-1% over a wide spectral range.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".