A Novel Approach to Production Logging in Multiphase Horizontal Wells
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Production logging sensors based on center-point measurements are not always successful in obtaining accurate flow profiles in triphase horizontal wells because of the effects of factors particular to these wells: fluid segregation, small changes in the well inclination, and the flow regime. This paper presents a new tool designed specifically for highly deviated and near to completely horizontal wells. The tool provides a recording of holdup and velocity profiles along the vertical diameter of the borehole cross-section. Three sensor arrays consisting of six optical probes, six electrical probes, and five spinners are spread across the well bore on retractable arms that can be opened and closed with a hydraulic sub to better locate holdup interfaces. The optical probes use the fluid's reflectance to derive the gas holdup, and the electrical probes measure the fluid's impedance to derive the water holdup. The spatial location of the different sensors is accurately known through the use of an integrated relativebearing sensor and a caliper measurement. The direct measurement of the velocity and fluid holdup profile enhances the capability of the analyst to determine the downhole phase split and reduces the uncertainties associated with triphase flow interpretation. This paper will discuss the problems mentioned and will illustrate through worldwide field examples the success of the new tool.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it