A Numerical Model for Predicting the Rate of Sand Production in Injector Wells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this paper, a numerical model for volumetric prediction of sand production in injector wells is presented. Sanding in injector wells is mainly associated with the back-flow and cross-flow generated during shut-in in addition to the waterhammer pressure pulsing in the wellbore due to fast flow rate changes. Emphasis is given to the geomechanical aspects of sanding such as rock fatigue due to cyclic pressure changes and the concomitant degradation of bonding between the sand grains. This model is robust in capturing the key parameters in the sandstone behavior such as stress-dependent elasticity, hardening, softening and dilatancy. Rock degradation is considered to be the necessary condition for sand production which is assumed to obey the erosion mechanics. The model is calibrated and validated using physical model tests carried out under various stresses and fluid flow conditions. The numerical model has been utilized to analyze sanding potential in a cased and perforated injector which will be presented to demonstrate the field application of the proposed concepts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".