Two-phase flow measurements under static and dynamic conditions for modeling the top kill process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental study on bubble (slug) rise inside a pipe filled with static liquid and bull heading of a gas flow with a liquid flow is presented. The bubble rise velocity (BRV) was measured inside a pipe with different inclinations and is compared with two well-known models. The static tests have been performed with three different liquids: water, CaCl brine mixture, and non-Newtonian fluid (Xanvis™). A model is proposed, based on the drift flux method, to predict the bubble rise velocity. Dynamic well killing (or top kill) is also examined, whereby a continuous gas flow is suppressed with a counter current liquid flow. Flow tests at different angles from vertical were undertaken to investigate the effect of inclination on the liquid flow rate needed to bullhead the gas flow. A simple empirical model based on the results is proposed to predict the results in actual wells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".