Early damage of sympathetic neurons after co-culture with macrophages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since activated immune cells may damage peripheral nerves during inflammation, we developed a co-culture model that permits the direct study of macrophage-induced neuronal damage. Sympathetic neurons were enzymatically isolated from neonatal mice and co-cultured with increasing numbers of peritoneal macrophages for 24 h. This caused rapid neuronal cell death, reducing neuronal number by 24.1 +/- 4% with the addition of 11.5 x 10(3) macrophages, representing a ratio of 8 macrophages per neuron. Nuclear analysis showed that cell death occurred by both apoptosis and necrosis. These effects were not mimicked by addition of macrophage-conditioned medium, and were prevented by 10 microM dexamethasone. Although no appreciable neuronal death occurred beyond 24 h, the density of neurites was decreased between 1 and 2 days of co-culture (p < 0.05). There is, therefore, a rapid induction of cytotoxicity by macrophages after their addition to the neuronal cultures, followed by axonal damage without neuronal cell death.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".