Representative Midwestern US Cycles: Synthesis and Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposed a set of representative real-world driving cycles in Midwestern US, which are capable of capturing the dependence of driving patterns on driving distance. Recent analyses of the real-world driving in USA show that most of certification cycles lead to underestimation of energy consumption per mile compared to the naturalistic driving patterns. Real-world driving is a mix of local driving and highway driving. Furthermore, the driving patterns show high dependency on the driving distance. To cover the wide range of real-world driving distances, five synthetic cycles are generated ranging from 4.78 miles to 40.71 miles following the real-world driving distance distribution. Each individual cycle is constructed by a stochastic process using the extracted driving information from the naturalistic trip data in the Midwestern US. While constructing the cycle set, the statistical criteria for validating the cycle representativeness are processed to capture the clear distance dependency and remove random variations. The synthesized cycles are subsequently used for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEVs) or Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEVs) design and control studies for the assessment of the impact of electrified vehicles on the grid.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".