Highly Stable Phospholipid Unilamellar Vesicles from Spontaneous Vesiculation: A DLS and SANS Study
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spontaneously formed unilamellar vesicles (ULV) composed of short- and long-chain phospholipids, dihexanoyl phosphorylcholine (DHPC) and dimyristoyl phosphorylcholine (DMPC), respectively, were doped with a negatively charged lipid, dimyristoyl phosphorylglycerol (DMPG), and studied with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Upon dilution, the spontaneous formation of vesicles was found to take place from bilayered micelles, or so-called "bicelles". SANS and DLS data show that ULV with narrow size distributions are highly stable at low lipid (C(lp) < 0.50 wt %) and NaCl salt (C(s)) concentrations. ULV size was found to be independent of both C(lp) and C(s) when they were below 0.33 and 0.5 wt %, respectively. Surface charge and salinity were found to be important factors in preparing ULV of a certain size. This observation is not in complete agreement with previous experimental results and cannot be completely explained with current theoretical predictions based on equilibrium calculations for catanionic surfactant mixtures. ULV size is found to be invariant over a wide range of temperatures, both below and above the phase-transition temperature, T(M), of DMPC, and was stable for periods of weeks and months, even after sonication.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it