Distinguishing Between Naturally and Anthropogenically Elevated Arsenic at an Abandoned Arctic Military Site
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Soil arsenic exceedances of a project specific cleanup criterion at an abandoned military site in Nunavut, Canada, prompted a study to distinguish the arsenic source as natural or anthropogenic. Principal components analysis and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopic analysis revealed that samples containing arsenic above and below the criterion value were indistinguishable with respect to their soil elemental “fingerprints,” and their exact chemical form of arsenic (arsenate). Bioaccessibility measurements, used to assess the potential risk from exposure, also demonstrated the similar release of low concentrations of arsenic from all soils tested. Therefore, elemental fingerprint, chemical speciation, and bioaccessibility were useful tools to demonstrate that elevated arsenic levels—up to 40 mg/kg—were likely natural in origin. Moreover, the natural arsenic likely does not pose an environmental or a human health concern at this Arctic site.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it