Characterization of an Oil Spill Along the Lebanese Coast by Satellite Images
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Lebanon population witnessed a severe environmental problem when one of the country's largest coastal power stations in Jiyeh area was bombed on July 13, 2006. Several million gallons of fuel oil were released into the Mediterranean Sea, forming a huge oil spill. To assess the extent of the spill, two types of satellite images were used. First, the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS)-Terra images were obtained in near real-time immediately following the event and second advanced space-borne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) images were taken about 1 month later. Results showed an oil plume with areal extent of approximately 3,100 km2 shortly after the event, reaching the northern coast of Lebanon. However, after 2 months, satellite monitoring showed the geographic distribution of oil was reduced to 185 km2. The bio-environmental impact of this oil spill, due to its size and hydraulic dynamics, makes a major disaster. Keywords: oil spillsenvironmental impactLebanese coastsatellite images Acknowledgement This study was a part of the Fulbright scholarship awarded to Dr. Amin Shaban. It was obtained at Boston University, Center for Remote Sensing, and funded by the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research. The collaboration between both institutes is highly appreciated. Special thanks are extended to Miss Natasha Nasreddine who introduced valuable help to accomplish this work. Notes ∗The major oil slick that formed after 3 weeks from the first release.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it