Atomic force microscopy compatible device for stretching cells and adsorbed proteins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A device that we term a “microrack” was designed to provide a means to stretch cells and proteins and to permit the measurement of any changes in adhesion forces that might occur as a result of the strain, with an atomic force microscope. The device requires an elastic material that allows adsorption of proteins and attachment of cells. The elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was chosen, and its suitability for short-term cell studies was tested by comparing cell morphology and fiber distribution on PDMS with cells grown on glass, a conventional substrate for cell study. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images and section analysis of beads and scrape marks on the PDMS surface before and after stretching indicate that the microrack can provide up to 21%–29% deformation of PDMS. AFM images of cells grown on PDMS show that material attached to the surface is also affected by stretching of the microrack. The rupture of the cell after stretching and rippling of the cell under compression can be attributed to the fixation treatment, but indicates that the cell morphology is significantly affected by the movement of the substrate on the microrack.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".