High-resolution palynology, climate change and human impact on a late Holocene peat bog on Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Haida Gwaii (formerly Queen Charlotte Islands) is an archipelago on the outer central coast of British Columbia. Drizzle Bog on Graham Island is a Sphagnum-dominated peatland selected for a multiproxy palaeoecological analysis using pollen, spores and other microfossils to see whether climatic changes such as the ‘Mediaeval Climate Anomaly’ (MCA), ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA) and post-LIA warming could be detected in this hypermaritime region. A 90-cm-long Wardenaar peat core was sliced into 1-cm-thick subsamples and dated using 210 Pb back to ad 1892, and four accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates back to 1800 cal. yr BP. Low pollen accumulation rates between ~ad 1600 and 1875 support cool growing seasons during the LIA. At 34 cm (~1875), total pollen and spore accumulation rates increased dramatically, coinciding with the end of the LIA based on evidence from glacier recession in the Coast Mountains of British Columbia. We suggest that the increased pollen production is likely a reflection of climatic warming and increased vegetation productivity following the LIA. Direct human impact is only apparent above 12 cm depth (~1958) correlated with road building across the southwestern edge of the wetland.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".