Challenge to fortyfold expansion of biodegradable polyester foams by using carbon dioxide as a blowing agent
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper presents a new foaming technology using supercritical carbon dioxide as a blowing agent to obtain large volume expansions of biodegradable polyester foams of over fortyfold. The basic approach for the promotion of a large volume expansion ratio with carbon dioxide was to prevent cell coalescence by using a branched material, to dissolve carbon dioxide completely in the melt by promoting convective diffusion under a high processing pressure, to reduce the diffusivity of gas by lowering the melt temperature, and to optimize the processing conditions in the die to maximize volume expansion. The desirable composition of the materials includes dehydrated branched biodegradable polyester (polybutylene succinate), CO 2 (blowing agent), and tale (nucleating agent). A single‐screw extrusion system was used for foam processing. A large volume expansion ratio of up to forty‐fivefold was achieved from the biodegradable polyester foams. The morphologies and volume expansion ratios of biodegradable polyester foams at various processing temperatures and pressures were studied.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".