Performance of the Precipitation Occurrence Sensor System as a Precipitation Gauge
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Precipitation Occurrence Sensor System (POSS) is a small X-band Doppler radar originally developed by the Meteorological Service of Canada for reporting the occurrence, type, and intensity of precipitation from Automated Weather Observing Stations. This study evaluates POSS as a gauge for measuring amounts of both liquid and solid precipitation. Different precipitation rate estimation algorithms are described. The effect of different solid precipitation types on the Doppler velocity spectrum is discussed. Lacking any accepted reference for high temporal resolution rates, the POSS precipitation rate measurements are integrated over time periods ranging from 6 h to one day and validated against international and Canadian reference gauges. Data from a wide range of sites across Canada and for periods of several years are used. The statistical performance of POSS is described in terms of the distribution of ratios of POSS to reference gauge amounts (catch ratios). In liquid precipitation the median of the catch ratio distribution is 82% and the interquartile range was between −12% and 19% about the median. In solid precipitation the median is 90% and the interquartile range is between −17% and 24% about the median. The underestimation in both liquid and solid precipitation is shown to be a function of precipitation rate and phase. The effects of radome wetting, raindrop splashing, wind, and the radar “brightband” effect on the estimation of precipitation rates are discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it