An Overview of the Biochemical and Molecular Aspects of Microbial Oxidation of Inorganic Sulfur Compounds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Inorganic sulfur compounds are oxidized mostly to sulfate by microorganisms belonging to the bacteria and archaea domains. These microorganisms produce different types of enzymes, e. g., oxidoreductases and hydrolases for the metabolism of inorganic sulfur compounds. These versatile biocatalysts have potential biotechnological applications in different fields including biohydrometallurgical processes for recovering precious heavy metals and also for bioremediation of sulfides in industrial waste effluents. Appropriate knowledge on the enzymatic pathways of inorganic sulfur compounds oxidation will help to tailor the catalytic properties of these microorganisms so that they are optimal not only for a given reaction but also in the context of harsh industrial processes. This review describes the distribution of inorganic sulfur compound‐oxidizing microorganisms, various enzymatic systems associated with sulfur metabolism, and identification of the gene(s) responsible for catalysis of different enzymatic reactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".