Atmospherically Derived Organic Surface Films along an Urban-Rural Gradient
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Atmospherically derived organic films have been found on an impervious surface along an urban-rural gradient in the Toronto, Ontario, Canada area. Film thickness and concentrations, expressed on an aerial basis, of sigman-alkanes, sigmaPCB, sigmaPAH, and sigmaOC (organochlorine) pesticides decrease along this gradient, coincident with lower atmospheric emissions (PCB and PAH) and less accumulation in thinner rural films (OC pesticides). For PCBs and some OC pesticides, patterns of chemical abundance also shift, indicating a "fresh" pattern near emission sources (downtown) versus aged patterns at rural locations that are indicative of atmospheric transport. Plant-derived n-alkane concentrations were greater at urban than rural sites, and we hypothesize greater urban plant wax production and erosion due to air pollution. As expected, along the urban-rural gradient the concentration of particle-phase PAH decreased more rapidly than that of gas-phase compounds, but unexpectedly the contribution of alkylated PAH increased from urban to rural locations. Distances over which concentrations decline by 63% vary from 50 km for persistent gas-phase compounds (e.g., P1,2CB) to 10-20 km for reactive gas-phase compounds (e.g., naphthalene, fluoranthene) to <5-10 km for particle-phase compounds (e.g., P6-10CB, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[e]pyrene).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".