Nitroxide-Mediated Styrene Miniemulsion Polymerization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Living radical polymerization of styrene was conducted in a miniemulsion using TEMPO and the water-soluble initiator potassium persulfate (KPS). The effects of initiator concentration and the TEMPO:KPS ratio on conversion, molecular weight distribution, and particle size were studied. The miniemulsion polymerizations exhibit similar characteristics to bulk living radical systems but with unique features attributable to the heterogeneous nature of the system. There is a strong interaction between the KPS concentration and the TEMPO:KPS ratio, and therefore the effects of changing either variable depend strongly on the value of the other variable. Initiator efficiencies are considerably higher than in conventional KPS-initiated styrene emulsion or miniemulsion polymerizations, while the average number of active radicals per particle (∼10 -2 ) is much lower. Aqueous-phase kinetics and nitroxide partitioning determine the number of chains initiated and therefore also affect the polymerization rate and molecular weight.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".